Nahmad Family
The Nahmad family illustrates how an opaque art market with no beneficial-ownership disclosure requirements can function in parallel with conventional banking. IAC S.A., the Panama shell company registered through Mossack Fonseca, held a $3.5–7 billion collection whose ultimate owner could only be established after the Panama Papers leak. That opacity served at least two documented purposes: concealment of a judicially confirmed stolen painting, and—on the criminal record—use of painting sales as wire transfer cover. The Geneva Freeport arrangement allows works to be bought and sold inside a duty-free customs zone without triggering any fiscal-authority notification, a mechanism the family used for decades. Simultaneously, the Nahmad-Trincher gambling conviction created a direct evidenced link between the gallery business, Russian organized crime infrastructure, and the Trump Tower building itself. The Trump pardon of Helly Nahmad—issued on the last day of the first term, alongside 142 other pardons—terminated that criminal exposure without further judicial scrutiny.
The Nahmad family is a multigenerational Lebanese-Jewish art dealing dynasty whose members occupy positions across the Geneva freeport system, the Monaco private wealth circuit, and New York residential real estate. The three principal brothers — David, Ezra, and Giuseppe Nahmad — built a collection estimated at $3.5–7 billion containing more than 4,500 works, including approximately 300 Picassos, stored in a 15,000 sq ft facility at the Geneva Freeport. 1 The commercial vehicle for that collection, International Art Center (IAC) S.A., was registered as a Panamanian shell company in 1995 through the Geneva office of Mossack Fonseca, initially held via bearer shares. 2 Hillel ("Helly") Nahmad, son of David and third-generation heir to the operation, was convicted in November 2013 of leading a high-stakes illegal gambling organization that operated from the entire 51st floor of Trump Tower, laundering more than $100 million through Cyprus shell companies under the protection of a figure assessed by the FBI as a vor v zakone connected to the Solntsevskaya and Izmailovskaya crime groups. 3 Donald Trump granted Helly Nahmad a full pardon on January 20, 2021, the final day of his first term. 4 Jeffrey Epstein's email corpus documents direct social contact with Helly and Joseph Nahmad, and a separate email chain from July 2016 records an Epstein associate meeting Joseph Nahmad at a Monte Carlo nightclub and boarding his vessel. 5
Family Structure and Geographic Footprint
The Nahmad family traces its art dealing business to Edmond Nahmad, who established the family's presence in the European art market from Milan in the mid-20th century. 1 The principal generation active in documented records comprises three brothers: David, Ezra, and Giuseppe Nahmad. David is identified in Panama Papers corporate records as the sole owner of International Art Center (IAC) S.A. since January 2014. 2 Ezra and Giuseppe Nahmad held signing authority on IAC's UBS and Citibank bank accounts. 2 2
NYC ACRIS property records document a family real estate footprint across 30 instruments. 6 Hillel Nahmad appears in multiple deed and mortgage documents at 721 Fifth Avenue (Trump Tower), Unit 51-J, dated 2010–2012 — the same building floor from which he operated the gambling organization. 6 David Nahmad and Colette Nahmad appear in a 2022 transaction via MBJ Law PLLC at 290 Ackertown Road, Chestnut Ridge, NY 10952. 6 Eveline Nahmad Matalon — listed at Via Vittore Pisani 2, Milan (2024) and Grand Place A-Apt.8, Crans sur Sierre, Switzerland — appears in the most recent ACRIS activity. Ezra Nahmad and Marie Nahmad are present in older instruments. An entity named NAHMAD FORTUNE appears in Brooklyn records. 6 6
The family's geographic center of gravity for financial operations is Monaco: DHN Ltd., a BVI-registered entity (LEI: 5493002RWQNJJJJ42268, registration number 1785034), lists its headquarters as c/o Davide Nahmad, Roccabella Building, 24 Princess Grace Avenue, Monte Carlo MC 98000. DHN Ltd. was created on July 30, 2013, registered through PFD Corporate Services (BVI) Limited, Tropic Isle Building, Tortola. 7 GLEIF shows its LEI as lapsed as of December 2025. 7 7
Art Collection and Geneva Freeport Infrastructure
A review of financial records and public reporting indicates that the Nahmad collection — estimated at $3.5–7 billion and comprising more than 4,500 works including approximately 300 Picassos — is stored primarily in a 15,000 sq ft facility within the Geneva Freeport, a customs-controlled duty-free zone where artworks can be bought and sold without notifying fiscal authorities. 1 The family has been publicly criticized for holding approximately 90% of its collection in freeport storage rather than making works available for exhibition. 8
International Art Center S.A. (IAC) was the corporate vehicle for that holding. It was registered as a Panamanian shell company in 1995 by Giuseppe Nahmad through the Geneva office of Mossack Fonseca and UBS, initially structured with bearer shares — a format providing untraceable beneficial ownership. 2 David Nahmad became the sole documented owner in January 2014. 2 The April 2016 Panama Papers investigation, published jointly by ICIJ and OCCRP, identified IAC as the vehicle through which the family sought to conceal ownership of Amedeo Modigliani's Seated Man with a Cane (1918). 1 2
Swiss prosecutors raided the Geneva Freeport and seized the Modigliani. 1 In proceedings before a New York court, the family initially denied beneficial ownership, arguing IAC was an independent entity. 1 In November 2025, the NY Supreme Court ruled in favor of the claimant — grandson of Holocaust survivor Oscar Stettiner, from whom the painting was looted — finding that David Nahmad had known the painting was stolen property and had attempted concealment for decades. 2 The painting had been purchased at Christie's in 1996 for $3.2 million. 2 2
An examination of art market reporting indicates that the Nahmad family were prominent users of Yves Bouvier's Natural Le Coultre freeport network spanning Geneva, Luxembourg, and Singapore, which provided the same duty-free buying and selling infrastructure across multiple jurisdictions. 8
Gambling Conviction and Russian Organized Crime Links
Hillel ("Helly") Nahmad purchased the entire 51st floor of Trump Tower (721 Fifth Avenue) for approximately $21.7 million and maintained a Helly Nahmad Gallery on the premises. 9 From that floor, and from Unit 63A controlled by co-defendant Vadim Trincher, Nahmad co-led the Nahmad-Trincher Organization — a sub-enterprise within the broader operation charged in United States v. Tokhtakhounov, 1:13-cr-00268 (SDNY). The umbrella case charged 34 defendants across two interlocked organizations in April 2013. 10
The Taiwanchik-Trincher Organization, the larger of the two enterprises, was run under the protection of Alimzhan Tokhtakhounov (known as "Taiwanchik" or "Little Taiwanese"), an OFAC-sanctioned vor v zakone connected to the Solntsevskaya and Izmailovskaya crime groups and to Semyon Mogilevich, who appears on the FBI Ten Most Wanted list. Tokhtakhounov remains a fugitive in Russia; the U.S. State Department offers a reward for his apprehension. 11 11 The enterprise laundered more than $100 million from 2006 to 2012 through Cyprus shell companies. 10 3
Helly Nahmad was convicted in November 2013. He was sentenced to one year and one day, served five months at Otisville Federal Correctional Institution, was fined $30,000, and forfeited $6.4 million. 12 He was also charged with wire fraud in connection with a $250,000 painting sale. 12 12 FBI wiretap evidence from March 2012 captured Nahmad explaining the art market's utility for financial transfers: "sometimes a bank needs a justification for a wire... you are buying a painting." 3
Nahmad was also a purchaser of two penthouses at 432 Park Avenue (Units 71A and 71B) for $60 million, acquired through an LLC. 3 3 The co-defendant Anatoly Golubchik — who received a five-year sentence — has a documented corporate link to the Mogilevich network through the shared directorship of Lytton Ventures Inc., a Cyprus shell company whose other director served entities held under the name of Mogilevich's first wife. 13 Steve Witkoff wrote a character reference letter for Golubchik in 2010. 14
Trump Pardon
Donald Trump granted Hillel Nahmad a full pardon on January 20, 2021, the last day of his first term, in a batch of 143 clemency actions. White House communications cited Nahmad's post-conviction conduct. 4 Attorney Benjamin Brafman advocated for the pardon. 4 Brafman also secured pardons for Charles Kushner (tax evasion and witness tampering) and had previously represented Harvey Weinstein and Martin Shkreli. 4, 15
The pardon foreclosed any further legal proceedings arising from the conviction. 4 Nahmad had purchased and operated from the 51st floor of Trump's own building for the duration of the criminal enterprise, a fact that had no bearing on the pardon decision as documented in public records. 9 9
An analytical synthesis in the investigation database positions the Nahmad pardon within a broader pattern of Trump clemency actions covering individuals with pre-existing financial or real estate ties to Trump properties, alongside pardons for Changpeng Zhao and Charles Kushner. 16 The synthesis also documents that Witkoff — who later became Trump's Special Envoy to the Middle East — had vouched for Golubchik, Nahmad's co-defendant, a decade before the pardon. 17
1MDB Connection and Offshore Entity Structure
In April 2014, David Nahmad entered negotiations to sell a Monet (Waterlilies With Reflections of Tall Grass) to Jho Low — the Malaysian financier later charged in connection with the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) fraud — for $22.5 million. A $2.25 million wire transfer was sent to Nahmad's account. 7 Nahmad subsequently stated that the deal fell through and that the painting remained his, with the painting independently valued between $13.6 million and $57 million. 7 7
The 1MDB case also intersects the Nahmad network through the Park Lane Hotel transaction: Steve Witkoff's Witkoff Group purchased the Park Lane Hotel (36 Central Park South) in 2013 for $654 million in a joint venture with Jho Low, whose stake the DOJ later alleged was funded with stolen 1MDB proceeds. 18
The BVI entity DHN Ltd. (LEI: 5493002RWQNJJJJ42268) — headquartered at Davide Nahmad's Monaco address — was created on July 30, 2013, through PFD Corporate Services in Tortola, four months after the April 2013 indictment of the Nahmad-Trincher Organization. Its LEI status lapsed in December 2025. 7 No public beneficial ownership or purpose has been established for DHN Ltd. beyond the GLEIF registration record. 7 7
Epstein Corpus References
The DOJ Epstein document corpus (EFTA series) contains four references relevant to the Nahmad family. EFTA02712389, an email dated March 12, 2015 with the subject line "Helly Nahmad. New fun friend," was sent to "Jeffrey" from an unidentified correspondent — approximately 15 months after Nahmad's November 2013 guilty plea and shortly after his release from Otisville. 5
EFTA02386102 and EFTA02369796, both from July 2016, document an Epstein associate meeting Joseph Nahmad at a venue identified as "jimmiz" — consistent with Jimmy'z nightclub in Monte Carlo — and subsequently boarding "its boat," indicating social overlap between the Epstein network and Nahmad family members in Monaco. 5 A May 2018 email, EFTA01056533, records an associate expressing interest in employment at the Nahmad Gallery. 5
None of these references establish a financial or operational relationship between Epstein and the Nahmad family. 5 They document social contact in Monaco and New York City gallery circles during the period when the Epstein network was active. 5
Art Market Regulatory Context
An analysis of regulatory filings and policy reports indicates that the U.S. art market was, until recently, the largest legal unregulated industry in the country at approximately $65 billion annually. 8 The Art Market Integrity Act, introduced in July 2025, would apply Anti-Money Laundering and Bank Secrecy Act requirements to art dealers — requirements that have applied to other financial intermediaries for decades. 8
A 2022 U.S. Treasury study and a March 2025 Harvard HALO report both examined the vulnerability of high-value art transactions to financial crime. 8 A review of these records shows that the Geneva Freeport model specifically — in which works are stored and traded within a customs-sealed zone — prevents any fiscal-authority notification of transactions, a gap the Nahmad family's documented operations exploited across multiple decades. 8
Note: Albert Nahmad, CEO of Watsco (NYSE: WSO, market cap approximately $7.3 billion, a Miami-based HVAC distribution company) appears in SEC EDGAR Form 4 filings and is a distinct family branch with no documented connection to the Geneva freeport or Panama shell company operations described above. 8 8
All Findings
20 total
All Findings
20 totalfinancial (8)
Park Lane Hotel 1MDB Connection: Witkoff Group purchased Park Lane Hotel (36 Central Park South) in 2013 for $654M in JV with Jho Low. Low held 55-85% stake (sources vary), providing most equity. DOJ alleged Low used stolen 1MDB funds for his stake. Witkoff claimed 'no knowledge whatsoever' of Low's crimes and said 'full background checks' were executed. A Witkoff principal asked Low in Oct 2013 to 'provide specifics' on where money came from 'given it is international money'; Low claimed family capital.
Nahmad purchased entire 51st floor of Trump Tower for over 20M dollars. Gallery and apartment used to operate Nahmad-Trincher gambling ring. Wiretap evidence showed active leadership. Art gallery financed the gambling operation. Also charged with wire fraud for 250K painting sale.
Nahmad family art empire valued at 3.5-7B dollars. 4500+ masterpieces stored in 15000 sq ft facility at Geneva Freeport. Panama Papers (ICIJ 2016) revealed International Art Center, a Panamanian shell company created via Mossack Fonseca in 1995, controlled by David Nahmad, used to conceal ownership of a looted Modigliani painting (Seated Man with a Cane, est 25M). Swiss prosecutors raided Geneva Freeport and seized the painting. Family initially denied ownership in US court, claiming IAC was independent.
Pattern of Russian/FSU organized crime in Trump properties spanning 30+ years. At least 13 people with known/alleged Russian mafia ties held deeds, lived in, or ran operations from Trump Tower. Key figures: David Bogatin (5 units, money laundering, Mogilevich syndicate), Vyacheslav Ivankov (had Trump Org phone numbers), Felix Sater/Bayrock (offices in Trump Tower, Mogilevich-connected father), Vadim Trincher (Unit 63A, 100M laundering), Hillel Nahmad (Unit 51A, gambling ring). One-fifth of Trump condo sales since 1980s were all-cash. At Trump SoHo, 77 percent of sales to shell companies paying cash.
FinCEN Geographic Targeting Orders (2016-present) require title insurance companies to identify beneficial owners behind shell companies used for all-cash luxury real estate purchases. Orders cover NYC, Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach counties. Senate Finance Committee (Wyden) requested financial records related to Dmitry Rybolovlev's 95M dollar purchase of Trump Palm Beach property (more than double Trump's 2004 purchase price of 41.35M). Over 205M in Trump SoHo sales went to corporations in BVI and Panama, jurisdictions Treasury linked to money laundering.
International Art Center (IAC) S.A.: Panama shell company registered in 1995 through UBS and Geneva Mossack Fonseca office by Giuseppe Nahmad. Initially held via bearer shares (untraceable ownership). David Nahmad sole owner since Jan 2014. David, Ezra, and Giuseppe all had signing authority on IAC bank accounts at UBS and Citibank. Used to hold 4,500+ artworks in 15,000 sq ft Geneva Freeport facility. IAC used to obscure Nahmad ownership of Modigliani 'Seated Man with a Cane' (1918) purchased at Christies 1996 for 3.2M, claimed by Holocaust survivor Oscar Stettiner's grandson. Nov 2025: NY Supreme Court ruled in claimant's favor, finding David Nahmad knew painting was stolen and attempted concealment for decades.
GLEIF reveals DHN Ltd. (LEI 5493002RWQNJJJJ42268): BVI-registered entity (registration 1785034) at c/o PFD Corporate Services (BVI) Limited, Tropic Isle Building, Tortola. Headquarters listed as 'c/o Davide Nahmad, Roccabella Building, 24 Princess Grace Avenue, Monte Carlo MC 98000'. Created 2013-07-30, status ACTIVE but LEI LAPSED Dec 2025. This is a previously unidentified Nahmad BVI investment vehicle. Additionally, David Nahmad involved in 1MDB-connected art transactions: attempted to sell Monet 'Waterlilies With Reflections of Tall Grass' to Jho Low for 22.5M in Apr 2014, 2.25M was wire-transferred to Nahmad's account. Nahmad claims deal fell through and painting is his (valued 13.6M-57M).
Art as parallel financial system: Nahmad collection valued at 3.5-7B (4,500+ works, 300 Picassos) stored in 15,000 sq ft Geneva Freeport (duty-free zone). Art can be bought/sold within freeport without informing fiscal authorities. Family criticized for keeping 90% of collection in freeports. Nahmads were prominent users of Yves Bouvier's Natural Le Coultre freeport network (Geneva/Luxembourg/Singapore). US art market is 65B/year and was the 'largest legal unregulated industry' until Art Market Integrity Act introduced Jul 2025 to apply AML/BSA requirements to art dealers. No political donations found despite billionaire status. EDGAR shows Albert Nahmad (separate family branch) is CEO of Watsco (WSO, 7.3B market cap, Miami HVAC distributor) - SEC Form 4 filings.
communication (1)
DOJ Vol 11 documents reveal Epstein had direct social connections to the Nahmad family. EFTA02712389 (March 2015): email stating 'Helly Nahmad. New fun friend' sent to Jeffrey. EFTA02386102 and EFTA02369796 (July 2016): associate emails about meeting 'Joseph nahmad' and going to 'Its boat.' EFTA01056533 (May 2018): associate expressing desire to work at Nahmad Gallery. This establishes that Epstein was socializing with the Nahmad family during and after the Trump Tower gambling prosecution.
relationship (3)
Golubchik connected to Semyon Mogilevich (FBI Ten Most Wanted) through shared corporate infrastructure. Golubchik's offshore company Lytton Ventures Inc. shares a corporate director (Stanley Williams) with a company held under the name of Galina Telesh, Mogilevich's first wife. Per LittleSis, Golubchik was shareholder of Lytton Ventures Inc. This creates a corporate link between the Taiwanchik-Trincher Organization and the Mogilevich network.
Steve Witkoff has documented relationships creating a chain from Trump to Russian organized crime: (1) Social relationship with Donald Trump (LittleSis), (2) Friendship with Anatoly Golubchik, convicted RICO conspirator and principal leader of the Taiwanchik-Trincher Organization, (3) Professional relationship with Kirill Dmitriev, CEO of Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF). Witkoff's son Zach is CEO of World Liberty Financial (WLFI), Trump family's crypto venture. Witkoff serves as Trump's envoy negotiating Ukraine peace with the same Dmitriev.
Attorney Benjamin Brafman secured Trump pardons for multiple high-profile clients: Hillel Nahmad (gambling ring leader), Charles Kushner (Jared Kushner's father, tax evasion/witness tampering), Dinesh D'Souza (campaign finance fraud), and Rod Blagojevich (corruption). Brafman also previously defended Harvey Weinstein and Martin Shkreli. This pattern suggests Brafman functioned as a key pardon broker with access to Trump.
legal (5)
Alimzhan Tokhtakhounov (aka Taiwanchik/Little Taiwanese) is an OFAC-sanctioned, FBI-fugitive Russian organized crime boss. Indicted in US v. Tokhtakhounov 1:13-cr-00268 (SDNY) as head of the Taiwanchik-Trincher Organization. Remains at large in Russia. US State Dept offers M reward. Previously indicted in 2002 for bribing judges at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics. He is a vor v zakone connected to Solntsevskaya and Izmailovskaya crime groups, and to Semyon Mogilevich and the late Vyacheslav Ivankov.
US v. Tokhtakhounov (1:13-cr-00268, SDNY): 34 defendants charged April 2013. Two criminal enterprises — Taiwanchik-Trincher Org (international sports gambling/money laundering) and Nahmad-Trincher Org (illegal poker ring). Key defendants: Tokhtakhounov (fugitive, Russia), Vadim Trincher (5yr), Anatoly Golubchik (5yr), Hillel Nahmad (1yr, pardoned by Trump Jan 2021), Illya Trincher (6mo), Eugene Trincher, Bryan Zuriff (6mo home confinement), Molly Bloom, plus 26 others. 28 of 34 ultimately pled guilty. Enterprise laundered $100M+ via Cyprus shell companies 2006-2012. Judge Jesse M. Furman presiding.
Hillel 'Helly' Nahmad, billionaire art dealer (Nahmad family dynasty, son of David Nahmad), owned entire 51st floor of Trump Tower (~$21M). Co-led Nahmad-Trincher Org with Illya Trincher — ran illegal high-stakes poker games for celebrities (Leonardo DiCaprio, Tobey Maguire, Alex Rodriguez). Convicted of operating illegal gambling business, sentenced to 1 year (served 5 months at Otisville federal prison), fined $30K, forfeited $6.4M. Trump granted full pardon to Nahmad on January 20, 2021 (last day of first term). This means Trump personally pardoned someone convicted of running a gambling ring from inside Trump Tower.
Trump pardoned Hillel 'Helly' Nahmad on January 20, 2021 (final day of first term). Nahmad convicted in 2014 for operating illegal gambling business from Trump Tower Unit 51A. Attorney Benjamin Brafman (who also secured pardons for Charles Kushner, Dinesh D'Souza, Blagojevich) advocated for the pardon. White House cited post-conviction conduct.
Helly Nahmad convicted Nov 2013 for leading Taiwanchik-Trincher illegal gambling ring operating from Trump Tower 51st floor (which Nahmad owned entirely, purchased for 21.7M) and unit 63A. Ring laundered 100M+ through Cyprus shell companies from former Soviet Union. Operation under protection of Alimzahn Tokhtakhounov, FBI-identified top Russian vor allied with Semion Mogilevich. Sentenced to 1yr 1day, served 5 months, 30K fine, forfeited 6.4M. Trump full pardon Jan 20 2021 (final day, among 143 pardons). Nahmad wiretapped discussing art business as money laundering vehicle: 'sometimes a bank needs a justification for a wire... you are buying a painting' (Mar 2012). Also purchased two 432 Park Avenue penthouses for 60M via LLC (71A/71B).
intelligence (2)
SYNTHESIS: Trump pardon power shows consistent pattern of rewarding financial associates across three decades. (1) Hillel Nahmad: convicted of running gambling ring from Trump Tower Unit 51A, pardoned Jan 20 2021. Attorney Brafman also secured Kushner pardon. (2) Changpeng Zhao: Binance paid USD 4.3B fine, CZ served 4 months, pardoned Oct 2025 — 7 months after MGX USD 2B Binance investment via Trump family USD1 stablecoin. (3) Pattern: Trump Tower hosted organized crime operations 2006-2013, Trump pardoned a convicted operator, and the current envoy (Witkoff) wrote a character reference for a co-defendant (Golubchik). The pardon-for-financial-benefit pattern extends from Russian gambling rings to cryptocurrency.
SYNTHESIS v2: Russian organized crime to crypto pipeline fully mapped. Physical layer: Trump Tower units 51A/63A (1994-2013 gambling ring). Money layer: Cyprus shells (Lytton Ventures, Mogilevich ex-wife as director), M+ laundered. Social layer: Witkoff vouched for Golubchik (2010), then became WLFI promoter + Trump envoy. Pardon layer: Brafman secured pardons for Nahmad (gambling) and Kushner (tax fraud). Epstein bridge: FBI EFTA00129096 documents Boyko->Kouzmine->Drokova->Epstein chain from active FBI TOC investigation. Art parallel: Nahmad .5-7B empire, Panama Papers IAC shell, Geneva Freeport, 1MDB connection via Jho Low. Epstein knew both Helly and Joseph Nahmad socially (EFTA02712389, EFTA02386102). Golubchik post-prison: Oct 2024 ACRIS activity at 971 Madison Ave.
identity (1)
NYC ACRIS property records reveal Nahmad family NYC real estate footprint across 30 unique documents. Key findings: (1) Hillel Nahmad at 721 Fifth Avenue (Trump Tower) Unit 51-J - multiple deed/mortgage docs 2010-2012. (2) David Nahmad and Colette Nahmad c/o MBJ Law PLLC, 290 Ackertown Road, Chestnut Ridge NY 10952 - 2022 transaction. (3) Eveline Nahmad / Eveline Nahmad Matalon, Via Vittoe Pisani 2, Milan Italy - 2024 transactions. (4) Ezra Nahmad and Marie Nahmad appear in older records. (5) Entity 'NAHMAD FORTUNE' in Brooklyn records. (6) Eveline Nahmad Matalon also listed at Grand Place A-Apt.8, Crans sur Sierre, Switzerland. Family has addresses spanning NYC, Milan, Chestnut Ridge NY, and Swiss Alps.
- 1.Finding #4080
- 2.Finding #4152
- 3.Finding #4153
- 4.Finding #4075
- 5.Finding #4086
- 6.Finding #4155
- 7.Finding #4154
- 8.Finding #4156
- 9.Finding #4041
- 10.Finding #4037
- 11.Finding #4003
- 12.Finding #4076
- 13.Finding #4001
- 14.Finding #4007Sources: LittleSis relationship 1291097View source record, https://whowhatwhy.org/politics/us-politics/putins-point-man-whats-behind-steve-witkoffs-ties-to-the-russian-mafia/Open sourceView source record, https://www.rferl.org/a/dmitriev-witkoff-russia-ukraine-war-negotiations-sovereign-wealth-fund/33370631.htmlOpen sourceView source record
- 15.Finding #4087
- 16.Finding #4101
- 17.Finding #4225Sources: F4075 F4081 F4086 F4089 F4212 F4214 F4215 F4217 F4151-4156View source record, Artnet Jan 20 2021 pardon reportView source record, DOJ SDNY press release Art Gallery Owner Helly Nahmad SentencedView source record, Village Voice Feb 2 2021 analysisView source record, BuzzFeed News cash purchases investigationView source record, Daily Beast 'Dirty Dozen' reportView source record, New Republic 'Trumps Russian Laundromat' 2017View source record, Newsweek 'Crime Infested' thread analysisView source record, EFTA01056533Open sourceView source record, EFTA02369796Open sourceView source record, EFTA02386102Open sourceView source record, EFTA02458637Open sourceView source record, EFTA02712389Open sourceView source record, BuzzFeed News Secret Money investigationView source record, Center for American Progress Cracking the ShellView source record, FinCEN GTO renewal noticesView source record, Senate Finance Wyden request Feb 2018View source record, FBI press release 2014-04-29View source record, ICIJ Offshore Leaks offshoreleaks.icij.org/nodes/39299View source record, SDNY Case 1 13-cr-00268View source record, Craig Unger Substack Putin Point ManView source record, The Real Deal 2013-05-10View source record, CAATSA report Jan 2018View source record, OpenSanctions Q4090404View source record, Polish MSWiA sanctions decision DPP-WTPZ.0272.69.2024View source record, AF Post Drokova investigationView source record, EFTA00129096Open sourceView source record, LMSBAND file 358811View source record, TechCrunch 2026-02-10View source record
- 18.Finding #3975